I. 否定句

1. 主语+否定谓语，not + 同前主语

I’ll not do such a thing, not I.

He won’t break his word, not he.

Tom can’t speak Russian, not he.

用语加强否定语气。

2. 主语+否定谓语+much less/still less +词组或从句

I could not assent to, much less participate in such proceedings.

He doesn’t like music, still less/much less dancing.

I didn’t even see him, still less/much less shake hands with him.

用语进一步否定。

3. 主语+否定谓语+to say nothing of/not to speak of/not to mention +名词

主语+否定谓语+let alone+名词或从句

He doesn’t know English, to say nothing of German or French.

I don’t know algebra or geometry, not to mention calculus.

I never thought of it, let alone (much less/still less) did I do it.

用语进一步否定。

4. 半否定词+or/if+否定代词或副词

Few, however, if any, besides the King himself, believed that Hermione was quilty.

I saw little or nothing of him after you were gone.

She seldom or never (if ever) made a mistake.

Peter read little or nothing (little if anything) in summer vacation.

Mr. Morris seldom or never went out.

表示半否定或让步否定。

5. 主语+cannot + but/choose but/help but +动词原型

I cannot but admire his courage.

We can’t (choose) but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology they are ahead of us.

We can’t but read books to increase our knowledge.

意为“不得不，别无选择”。

6. （There be）No+主语+but+谓语+其它

（其中but 相当于who...not, that...not, which...not）

There is no man but has his faults.

(There is no man who doesn’t have his faults.

There is no man without faults.

All men have faults.)

(There is) Nobody but has his faults.

There is no rule but has exceptions.

There is nobody but knows this matter.

双重否定表示强烈之肯定。

7. A分句（否定）+ but + B分句（肯定）

It never rains but pours.

She never comes but she brings us something to eat.

They never met but they fought.

借否定来强调肯定。

8. 主语+be + the last + 名词+从句/to do

He is the last person to say that.

You are the last woman that I want to marry.

That is the last place where I expected to have met you.

Lying is the last thing that he is likely to do.

II. 判断句

9. 主语+can’t+谓语+too+形容词/副词

You can’t read too much/ many books.

We can’t be too careful.

Nobody can have too many friends.

She can never have too many dresses.

表示强烈之肯定。

10. 主语+谓语+no other than/none other than/ none but+宾语/表语

The man was no other than John.

We depend on none but ourselves.

强调判断句。

11. 主语+be nothing +else but/else than/less than+表语

He is nothing but a paper tiger.

The situation is nothing else but/than fine.

That is nothing less than a miracle.

Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.

强调判断句。

12. 主语+be not A, but B./ 主语+be +B+ and (but) not A.

I am very ill, not bodily, but mentally.

The tragedy is not in not knowing, but in not knowing that you don’t know.

It is yours, and not mine.

It is not mine, but yours.

选择判断句。

13. (It is) Not that A + but that B.

It is not that I dislike the work, but that I have no time.

Not that we are afraid of Americans, but that they are afraid of us.

It is not heroes that make history, but history that makes heroes, and that, consequently, it is not heroes who create a people, but the people who create heroes and more history onward.

选择判断句。

14. So far from being ..., 主语+谓语

So far from being a help, he is a hindrance.

So far from being ashamed of it, he takes pride in it.

So far from being true, the news is false.

选择判断句。

15. 主语+be + less A than B./ 主语+be+ more B than A.

Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal.

It is even more a picture that a poem.

He is more shy than (he is) unsocial.

He is more angry (not angrier) than frightened.

比较判断句。

16. 主语+be+B rather than A.

He is an ordinary worker rather than a leader.

He is rather diligent than clever.

The patient was worse rather than better.

He is an artist rather than a philosopher.

与其说，不如说。比较判断句。

17. 主语+ be not so much A as B.

He is not so much a scholar as a writer.

It is not so much a help as advice.

A man’s worth lies not so much in what he has as in what he is.

与其说，不如说。比较判断句。

18. 主语+ be being +doing.

She is being kind.

They are being friendly.

Tom is being naughty.

He is being good/helpful/a fool.

故意。有意。

19. 时间 + see/witness +宾语

The twenties century saw the rapid development of IT.

The happy May witnessed their grand wedding.

1976 saw the loss of two great men in China.

拟人表达。

III. 祝愿祈使句

20. Be so kind/good as to do sth.

Be good/kind enough to do sth.

Be so kind/kind enough to shut the door.

Be so good as to come and join us.

Be good enough (so good as) to help me with my English.

委婉的请求。

21. Supposing/Suppose主语+动词原形

Suppose we try to do it my way.

Suppose we start tomorrow.

Supposing we go for a swim.

Supposing we buy a car.

类似let，但更委婉。

22. Long live +第三人称主语

Long live the people!

Long live our motherland!

...万岁。

23. May +主语 +动词原形

May you return soon.

May he be happy.

May she never repent this act.

(May) God bless you.

祝愿。

24. 名词 to 名词

Glory to the people!

Success to you!

Best wishes to you!

A happy journey to you!

祝愿。

25. If only +主语 + 虚拟谓语

If only Mao Zedong were still by our side to see this with his own eyes!

If only I had known then what I knew long afterwards!

If only I could see her again!

若...就好了。

26. O/Oh/Ah, + that 从句（虚拟）

O/Oh/Ah, + to be +表语

O/Oh/Ah, + 虚拟谓语 +主语

Oh, that she could come back to life again!

O that he were a live and could see this!

Ah, to be in England now that April is there!

O to be a boy again!

O were he only here!

O had I wings!

虚拟的愿望。

27. Be+主语 +表语

表语 + be +主语

Be ours a happy meeting!

Light be her heart and gay her merry eyes!

So be it! (So may it be. Be it so.)

Blessed be he that spares these stones and curst be he that moves my bones.

书面语的愿望。

28. Would (that) +主语 +虚拟谓语

Would (that) it were otherwise!

Would that they were safe home again!

Would I were a woman!

Would that I were young again!

祝愿。虚拟的愿望。